Why Africa must be wary about climate justice agenda

Africa, endowed with vast oil and gas reserves, faces a unique challenge in balancing economic
development with the global climate justice agenda. This agenda seeks to ensure that the burdens
and benefits of climate action are equitably distributed, recognizing that historically low-emitting
regions like Africa should not disproportionately bear the costs of mitigating climate change. However,
several factors necessitate caution for oil-rich African countries as they navigate this complex
landscape.
Many African economies rely heavily on oil and gas revenues to fund development projects,
infrastructure, and public services. For countries like Nigeria, Angola, and Algeria, hydrocarbons
constitute a significant portion of national income, foreign exchange earnings, and employment.
The African Energy Security Coalition believes that abrupt transitioning away from fossil fuels could
jeopardize economic stability, exacerbate poverty, and hinder development goals. These nations must
therefore balance immediate economic needs with long-term sustainability.
What is often lost among those who clamour for climate justice agenda is that Sub-Saharan Africa
faces severe energy deficits, with millions lacking access to reliable electricity. Fossil fuels currently
provide a critical source of energy to meet these needs.
While renewables are the ultimate goal, the transition requires substantial investment in infrastructure,
technology, and skills. Without careful planning and international support, premature divestment from
oil and gas could impede progress toward universal energy access, undermining efforts to lift millions
out of poverty.
 The climate justice agenda emphasizes that the historical responsibility for climate change lies
primarily with industrialized nations that have emitted the bulk of greenhouse gases. African countries,
having contributed minimally to the problem, argue for the right to develop using their natural
resources. They advocate for a differentiated approach where wealthy nations provide financial and
technical assistance to support a just transition. This includes investments in renewable energy,
climate adaptation, and resilience-building.
The global shift towards decarbonization raises the risk of stranded assets—oil and gas reserves that
may never be exploited if stringent climate policies are adopted. This poses a significant economic
threat to oil-dependent African countries. Diversifying economies and developing alternative industries
are crucial strategies to mitigate this risk. However, such transitions require time, strategic planning,
and substantial investment.
 While oil extraction provides economic benefits, it also brings environmental degradation and social
disruption. Oil spills, gas flaring, and pollution affect local communities and ecosystems. A cautious
approach that integrates sustainable practices and community engagement can help minimize these
impacts. Moreover, investing in renewable energy can create new jobs, reduce environmental harm,
and build a resilient economy.
The AESC thus advises that oil-rich African nations must navigate the climate justice agenda with
caution, balancing immediate economic needs and long-term sustainability. Achieving this balance
requires strategic diversification, international support, and investments in clean energy.